Guide to upgrading a Motherboard

UpGrading a Motherboard is not difficult

Several different upgrades can boost your PC's
performance, but for a real jump for your old PC, nothing beats a full
motherboard upgrade. A new motherboard, coupled with a high-speed processor and
a generous amount of RAM, can dramatically improve system performance. It's not
a job for a beginner, but if you're comfortable doing major poking around in
your PC (or have a computer-savvy friend to help), the operation isn't too
difficult.

Most motherboards today retail for $60 to
$250. Midspeed processors, meanwhile, cost from about $100 (for a Celeron-500)
to $200 (for a Pentium III-600 or Athlon-700). Don't skimp on RAM, either. Go
for 128MB (about $80). For a total investment of between $240 and $700, you'll
have a powerhouse PC. If your budget is smaller, consider 64MB of RAM (about
$40) and a lower-end CPU like AMD's K6-2-500 (about $60), dropping the bottom
line to about $160.

Most computers made in the past three years
have cases that require a motherboard with an ATX form factor. If you're
replacing an ATX motherboard, you can choose from a wide variety of boards,
differing mainly in the processor types and speeds they support. Your best bet
is to choose the processor you want and then purchase a motherboard that
supports it.

If your PC is older, its case probably
requires a board with an AT form factor. Check your system manual to be sure,
but if your serial and parallel ports aren't built into the side of the board,
you probably have an AT motherboard. If so, consider buying a bare-bones ATX
system--essentially a motherboard (usually with CPU and RAM) installed in a case
with a power supply--and then transfer the drives and cards from your old system
to it. Watch out, however, if you have lots of ISA add-in boards. Most new
motherboards have few (or no) ISA slots... or simply invest between $30 to
$60 for a new ATX case as part of your upgrade.

The occasion of replacing your motherboard is
also a good time to upgrade other components in your system, such as the hard
drive or the graphics card. Before you start your motherboard transplant, of
course, run a full system backup.

1. Remove the Cards and
Cables
Turn off your PC; unplug it from the wall; and
disconnect the mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer, and any other external cables
(such as USB). Remove the PC's cover, and carefully look at what you need to
remove or disconnect to reach the motherboard. In some cases, you'll have to
remove a hard drive or other hardware to get to the motherboard.

Before you begin working under your PC's hood,
put on an antistatic wrist strap (available from a local electronics supply
store such as Radio Shack) and clip it to a grounded metal object. Cost here is
between $4 and $10.

Remove the screws holding the add-in cards,
carefully remove the cards, and lay them on a clean, flat surface, preferably in
the order in which you removed them.

Label each cable with masking tape and write
down each connection as you remove it. Unplug the power connector, the floppy
disk cable, and the EIDE connectors. Make sure to note which cable is connected
to the primary and which to the secondary EIDE connector (sometimes they're
marked Channel A and B, or 1 and 2).

Finally, unplug the small connectors attached
to the front-panel switches and LEDs.

2. Remove the Old
Motherboard
Most motherboards are attached to the
case with a handful of screws--usually about five, but the number can vary. Find
them, carefully remove them, and set them aside in a handy container, such as a
coffee cup or that ashtray you don't use any more.

Remove the old motherboard by sliding it
slightly toward the front of the case (so the connectors at the rear are clear
of the case) and then pivoting it upward.

3. Install Ram and
Processor
Before you mount the motherboard in the
case, insert your new RAM module (or modules) into the RAM socket (A), beginning
with the socket marked "Bank 0." DIMM modules fit only one way. Slide them
firmly into their sockets. Brackets on each side will snap into place
automatically when the module is correctly seated.

Most of today's CPUs fit into sockets. To
install a socketed processor, lift the lever on the socket and carefully insert
the CPU (B), making sure that Pin 1 on the CPU matches Pin 1 on the socket. Hold
the processor firmly in place and lock the lever down. If you're installing an
older CPU that fits in a slot, carefully insert it until it's firmly
seated.

A reminder:
All CPUs need cooling. If a heatsink or fan isn't built in, purchase and install
one. Without it, your new CPU will self-destruct in minutes.

4. Install the New
Motherboard
Slide the new motherboard into the case.
You'll know it's in the correct position when the mounting holes
align.

Mount the motherboard, using the screws you
removed in step 2. Just "snug up" the screws; screwing them in too tightly can
damage the motherboard.

5. Reinstall Cards and
Cables
Reinstall the cards and cables that you
removed. Don't rush through this step! Work slowly and carefully, avoid bending
pins, and double-check to see that everything is correctly
connected.

IMPORTANT: Don't
forget to connect the CPU fan's power cable to the motherboard.

Reinstall your PC's add-in cards, securing
them with the screws you removed earlier.

Reconnect the mouse, keyboard, monitor,
printer, and any other external devices you may have, but don't put the cover
back on your PC until you're absolutely sure that everything's
working.

Finally, plug in the AC power cable.

Finally: Start if
UP!!!
Turn on your PC. If it beeps and you see
messages on the screen, that's a positive sign. Expect the new hardware to
confuse Windows initially. The OS should automatically reconfigure itself, but
don't be surprised if Windows restarts itself several times during the
process.

If nothing happens--or if your PC hangs part
of the way through start-up--turn off your PC, disconnect the AC power, recheck
all the connections, and start the system up again. If it hangs again, contact
your motherboard maker's tech support. Dead-on-arrival motherboards, CPUs, and
RAM modules are rare, but they do occur.